Malaria
Malaria is a word many
people associate with game
parks in Africa. However
only two of the South
African National Parks are
in a malaria risk area and
they are the Kruger National
Park and Mapungubwe National
Park, although at both these
venues the risk is usually
low. Historically there have
been incidences of malaria
in other parks, but then
there are recorded
incidences of malaria from
urban Europe and other
non-risk areas. But to all
intents and purposes Kruger
is the only malaria risk
park in the SANParks’
set-up.
Anti-malaria prophylactics
are thus recommended for
visitors for Kruger. The
highest risk period is
between December and April
(end of the rainy season). Visitors
wishing to take
prophylactics should consult
a knowledgeable medical
practitioner or recognized
travel clinic about
recommended medication, as
certain products cause
nausea, hallucinations or
other negative side effects
with certain people.
Very often (particularly
after periods of low
rainfall) the malaria risk
in Kruger is very low. Many
people decide not to take
prophylactics and rather try
to avoid getting bitten. The
most vulnerable times are
between dusk and dawn.
People are advised to stay
indoors during these
periods, or cover exposed
skin with light clothing or
insect repellants. The
ankles are the most critical
area. Burning anti-mosquito
coils and ensuring netted
screens are kept closed are
other preventative measures.
While malaria prophylactics
are recommended, no
prophylactic is foolproof
and any person developing
flu-like symptoms 7 to 20
days (or even longer) after
being in malaria areas
should be tested immediately
for malaria, until the
symptoms clear or an
alternative diagnosis is
made. It is important to
advise medical practitioners
that you have been in a
malaria area to avoid
incorrect diagnosis.
On the question of
prophylactics, no drug is
guaranteed 100% effective,
but a combination of
Chloroquine (taken weekly
first one week before) and
paludrin (daily - first 2
days before) appears to be
the most recommended
prophylactic. Mefloquin is a
single alternative. These
would be available from
pharmacies in Johannesburg and
en route to the park (and
perhaps for sale at some of
the larger rest camps in the
park). However as they
should be taken a week in
advance, if one chooses to
use them, buying them in SA
would be leaving it late,
unless you will be spending
time elsewhere in the
country (most of which is
malaria free).
The threat of malaria should
not affect your decision to
enjoy and experience the
Kruger Park, but is just
something one should be
aware of and take
precautions to be exposed
to.
NB Most types of mosquito do
not carry the malaria
plasmodium and if one is
bitten it does not mean one
will contract malaria. Only
mosquitoes of the anopheles
genus carry the plasmodium,
and then only if they have
previously fed on an
infected host. As the
presence of people with the
plasmodium in their
bloodstream in the park is
greatly reduced compared to
past times, risk is once
more reduced. One reason for
these reductions is that the
accommodation units in the
parks are sprayed
periodically throughout the
year. Now that international
campaigns see treatment
taking place in adjacent
countries such as Mozambique
and Swaziland, malaria
occurrence has been further
reduced. |